The shooting happened in north Houston at Benmar near City View Place around 2 a.m.
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The girl was taken to Houston Northwest Medical Center by her mother.
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The car the girl was riding in is parked outside the hospital. It appears to be a gray Lincoln.
The child was later taken by Life Flight to Memorial Hermann Hospital.
Houston Police Executive Asst. Chief Troy Finner said the child, the child's mom and dad and another adult were in the Lincoln when someone in that car fired several rounds. Finner said that's when another person fired back into the Lincoln and hit the little girl.
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"Whoever is responsible for this shooting, turn yourselves in. We're batting 1,000 in the City of Houston. Right now, if anyone kills or shoots one of our kids, we're going after them," Finner said. "Anyone who harms a kid, we'll put you in jail."
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Police are investigating the motive, but Finner said while he can't confirm it, it's "possibly gang-related."
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Tragically, this is the latest in a recent number of shootings involving children in the Houston area.
On Tuesday, 2-year-old Ivory West Jr. was shot to death while he, his father and his father's friend were in a garage at an apartment complex in Spring.
Ivory's mother spoke to our sister station ABC13 in an emotional interview as she recalled the moments of that night.
Mom of 2-year-old killed by robbers in Spring shares her story