Crowds of hundreds of thousands chanted "Death to America" and "Death to Israel," as they called for revenge over the Feb. 28 attack.
Israel says Iran has launched missiles at it in the first such bombardment since a fragile ceasefire took effect in early April, complicating mediation efforts for a deal to end the war.
The IRGC said U.S. forces attacked Sirik island.
The hate crimes charges mean prosecutors will have to prove that the man was motivated by antisemitism when he opened fire on on the staffers.
Investigators allege he planned the attack for a year and was driven by a desire "to kill all Zionist people."